New guidance on the measurement of land for development projects such as new housing and commercial development have been published by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).
The updated guidance defines the common measurements used across the built environment and associated metrics such as density.
The guidance is intended for use by planners, surveyors, developers, architects, government, and legal administrators around the world.
Titled Measurement of Land for Planning and Development Purposes, it provides clear definitions for measurements widely used in the property and built environment sectors, advocating consistency worldwide.
Five core definitions have now been formalised by RICS to assist with the global measurement of land:
- Land Ownership Area (LOA): An area of land, measured on a horizontal plane, which is held in a single legal interest or title by one or more legal owners, which may be the subject of a proposed or actual sale, letting or other disposal, valuation or compulsory purchase, and which may comprise all or part of that single legal interest or title
- Site Area (SA): The total land area on which development authorisation is sought, measured on a horizontal plane
- Net Development Area (NDA): The extent of the Site Area upon which one or more buildings or other operations and their ancillary space can be built, measured on a horizontal plane
- Plot Ratio (PR): The ratio of total development floor area to SA
- Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Floorspace Ratio (FSR) are similar terms, used interchangeably in some jurisdictions to reference the same point
- For consistency, PR should be used wherever possible
- Where jurisdictional requirements are for the use of either FAR or FSR, PR should be reported as well
- Site Coverage (SC): The ratio of ground floor area (measured in accordance with GEA) to SA, expressed as a percentage
A key difference with the new guidelines is that calculations of density should now always be expressed in terms of Gross Density (based on SA), rather than on a Net basis, with Net Density providing an additional and complementary metric for understanding the intensity of development of a site.
‘Potential to profoundly improve consistency’
The guidance is lead-authored by one of Britain’s foremost urbanists, chartered surveyors, and town planners Jonathan Manns.
Manns, who serves as the executive director of Rockwell, said: “Land measurement is a vital day-to-day component of real estate, and this guidance introduces, for the first time, clear and fixed definitions to assist with that process.
“In doing so, it establishes international best practice to be used whether buying, selling, evaluating, valuing or developing land.
“This has the potential to profoundly improve consistency, once in regular use, to the benefit of both professionals and the general public alike, in countries around the world.”
With over 130,000 qualified and trainee professionals, the RICS promotes and enforces the highest international standards across the built and natural environment.
Tony Mulhall MRICS, associate sirector of the Land Professional Group at the RICS, said: “This guidance offers a consistent way to measure land – whether that’s delivering desperately needed homes, new infrastructure or preparing vacant spaces for future development.”
Image: RICS’ visualisation of the updated Land Measurement guidance
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